scattered thoughts about scattered findings

This post deals with the (not-so-) recent findings about the so-called tomb of Jesus, which is being over-sensationalized by James Cameron. The reason I say "not-so-recent" is simply because this (initial) discovery was done in the 80's--about the same time Geraldo Rivera did his live Capone story, which revealed about the same result as I think Cameron's findings will. There seem to be good reasons for why the initial discovery in the 80's received very little attention and/or media coverage--here are two:

Amos Kloner, the first archaeologist to examine the site, said the idea fails to hold up by archaeological standards but makes for profitable television. "They just want to get money for it," Kloner said.

William Dever, an expert on near eastern archaeology and anthropology, who has worked with Israeli archeologists for five decades, said specialists have known about the ossuaries for years. "The fact that it's been ignored tells you something," said Dever, professor emeritus at the University of Arizona. [1]

In light of the fact that the findings have been known for some time and ignored because of their implausibility, I have noticed a slight trend in how things (re-)emerge in our culture. To oversimplify this trend: something hits the market, it does well for a time, and then fizzles out to near extinction. Then, at some point later--typically when those who were a part of the original trend have passed or who are no longer a loud voice heard within trend-setting conventions--the trend resurfaces under the illusion that it is newer, better, and revolutionary. An oversimplified example of this would be certain fads that are coming into vogue among the teenage population. Today's clothing styles and fashions are nothing more than a (painful) repeat of the 80's with a higher sticker price.

This trend, to me, is obviously not exclusive to general venues such as the clothing industry. Dan Brown's book, The DaVinci Code was not new in the sense that he was the first to investigate the supposed back-story of Jesus and Mary Magdalene and document his findings. His presentation was nothing more than a recapitulation of a legend that had been discounted by serious historians on the grounds that it was anything but historical. But something about the cultural climate allowed his book to become overly popular and considered a real threat to the historical integrity of the Christian message. The same could be said in this case with James Cameron's attempt to discredit the ascension story of Jesus by claiming to have found Jesus' final resting place--which is anything but heavenly.

Before commenting any further, it would be good to remember the astute observations of the New Testament scholar, Luke Timothy Johnson, who shows a consistent pattern within those who claim to have found new evidence about something related to Jesus and/or Christianity.[2] Here is the pattern he notices:

1. It all begins by parading the credentials of the author and his amazing research.

2. Promises are given concerning some new, and maybe even suppressed, interpretation of who Jesus really was and the stories about him.

3. This new interpretation--often considered to be the new "truth" about Jesus--is discovered in sources outside the Bible, which allows the Gospels to be read in a new way which is said to be at odds with the traditional readings/interpretations.

4. This new interpretation is often overly provocative and even controversial to the traditional views. Examples: Jesus married Mary Magdalene and had children together; he was the leader of a hallucinogenic cult; or, he was simply a peasant cynic philosopher.

5. Traditional Christian beliefs are therefore claimed to be undermined and in need of revision.

Johnson goes on to stress that the undercurrent within this pattern is an attempt to bifurcate history and faith--i.e., the two cannot exist. Because such a distinction must exist, and because we are the bastard children of the Enlightenment, what is unseen must cohere with what is seen because what is seen can be proved with certainty. Many, if not all, of the above elements can be found in Cameron's "Lost Tomb of Jesus"--with the possible (though I believe unlikely) exception of #5. His own comments suggest that he is not trying to undermine traditional Christianity, for his findings do not affect the "faith" that emerged from the stories concerning the historical Jesus. Here is a quote from the Discovery Channel website:

If Jesus’ mortal remains have been found, this would contradict the idea of a physical ascension but not the idea of a spiritual ascension. The latter is consistent with Christian theology.

What's interesting is that the idea of only a "spiritual" ascension, which is said to be believed by "some Christians", is not consistent with traditional Christian theology. So to push the idea that the ascension was only spiritual does in deed (attempt to) undermine traditional Christianity. What is also interesting about this claim is that it focuses on the ascension of Jesus instead of the resurrection, which used to be the common target of dispute. To go after the ascension like this would be a significant attack on the fundamental claims of Christianity, which do in fact claim that Jesus actually ascended into heaven after giving the parting instructions to his followers. Cameron and those in tow cannot make the claim that their supposed findings will not cause a few ripples in the pool of Christianity.

But before we get too worried about these supposed findings that may supposedly undermine traditional Christianity, it is best to consider the facts about the findings themselves:

1. It is interesting that Amos Kloner was not a part of Cameron's team[3]--seeing that Kloner was one of the first to investigate the site in the 80's when it was first discovered. His original 1980 publication is noted by the site, which seems to support the intentions of the production; but, conveniently enough, Kloner's 1996 article, which openly claims that the findings of the tomb are not as positive as many had hoped.
   
2. It's also interesting that the inscriptions on the ossuaries are not only as conclusive as Cameron touts, but at least one of them is in Latin rendering of a Hebrew name, which just seems a bit odd. (There may be later theological interests for why this particular name is given in Latin).
   
3. The patina evidence is also intriguing to the overall find. (Patina is a chemical residue that forms on stuff that is really old and it can be a tool for determining date and other important data). It is admitted, on the website, that the patina on the James ossuary--the one that received media coverage a few years ago (and turned into a decent book)--matches the patina of the ossuaries found in the find being filmed by Cameron. The website even says that this James ossuary is most likely the missing 10th ossuary from the other nine under investigation. Here's the fun part: the inscription found on the James ossuary has been deemed a forgery; and since the patina matches that found in the supposed burial chamber of Jesus' family, that immediately calls into question the reliability of the other nine ossuaries. (Cameron seems to shoot himself in the foot by making this conenction).
4. The inscriptions are somewhat problematic.[4] The one with Jesus' name is odd, for he is called "Jesus, son of Joseph". The reason for the oddity is that Jesus is never called "Jesus, son of Joseph" by those who knew him either during his ministry or during the time of the early church. The one with the supposed title "Mara", which is promoted to be a form of the word for "master" is incorrect--"Mara" is shorthand for "Martha". Those who wish it to read "master" have an agenda which seeks to connect the whole deal with the legends (re)popularized by Dan Brown's book.
5. With respect to the supposed DNA evidence: the DNA found in the ossuaries is not able to determine the gender of the bones' original owner. The bigger issue here is also the lack of comparative DNA. Because there is no historical DNA for the historical Jesus, there is absolutely no way Cameron and his crew will be able to prove with any certainty that the DNA found in the ossuaries does in fact belong to Jesus of Nazareth. If by some chance of last-ditch stupidity, Cameron and his crew compare this DNA with anything found on the Shroud of Turin[5]; their efforts will only confirm that the comparison was a last-ditch attempt. If anything, if such a connection is made between the two, it will only prove that an earlier attempt was made at discrediting the story of Jesus' resurrection and ascension.
   

And we've come full circle. That's all I've got on this issue. I would highly recommend those who actually read this blog to read the posts by the scholars who are far more able than me to speak on these matters. I will conclude this post with an interesting link to an article that was posted nearly a year ago. It's a bit on the pastoral side in its presentation, but it still worth reading.

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[1] This quotation was originally found here.
[2] The following list is adapted from Johnson's book, The Real Jesus: the Misguided Quest for the Historical Jesus and the Truth of the Traditional Gospels (San Francisco, 1996), 31.
[3] Interestingly enough, however, Kloner is cited to be one of the original few who first studied the tomb
[4] Much of this point (and the next) is taken from Ben Witherington's blog, which I highly recommend.
[5] Personally, I see the Shroud as a joke with respect to historical accuracy and probability. The nature and structure of the Shroud goes against not only the burial practices of the time but also the explicit details found in John 19.40 and especially 20.5-7.